| Alternative Measures of Labor
Underutilization in Vermont unemployment rate - four quarter average1 |
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| Time Period | Measures | |||||
| U-1 | U-2 | U-3 2 | U-4 | U-5 | U-6 | |
| 2023 annual averages | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.9 |
| 2022 annual averages | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 4.7 |
| 2021 annual averages | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 7.0 |
| 2020 annual averages | 1.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 10.2 |
| 2019 annual averages | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 5.5 |
| 2018 annual averages | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 5.7 |
| 2017 annual averages | 1.0 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.4 |
| 2016 annual averages | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 7.1 |
| 2015 annual averages | 1.1 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 8.2 |
| 2014 annual averages | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 8.8 |
| 2013 annual averages | 1.7 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 9.3 |
| 2012 annual averages | 2.1 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.0 |
| 2011 annual averages | 2.5 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 11.6 |
| 2010 annual averages | 2.8 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 12.5 |
| 2009 annual averages | 2.9 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 11.8 |
| 2008 annual averages | 1.5 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 9.1 |
| 2007 annual averages | 1.2 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 6.9 |
| 2006 annual averages | 1.0 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 6.4 |
| 2005 annual averages | 0.9 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 6.6 |
| 2004 annual averages | 0.9 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 7.1 |
| 2003 annual averages | 1.4 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 8.0 |
| source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/lau/stalt.htm | ||||||
| 1 - The alternative measures for states are analyzed on a 4-quarter average basis in order to increase the reliability of the CPS estimates, which are based on relatively small sample sizes at the state level, and to eliminate seasonality. Due to the inclusion of lagged quarters, the state alternative measures may not fully reflect the current status of the labor market. | ||||||
| 2 - The U-3 unemployment rate shown is derived directly from the CPS. Vermont's official estimate is developed from statistical models that use the CPS and data from other sources to greatly improve the reliability of the labor force and unemployment estimates at the state level. As a result, the U-3 measure may differ from the official state unemployment rate for the same period. The official model-based annual averages for 2022 were released on March 13, 2023. | ||||||
| Alternate Measure Definitions | ||||||
| U-1: Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. |
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| U-2: Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. |
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| U-3: Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (this is the definition used for the official unemployment rate). |
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| U-4: Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. |
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| U-5: Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers. |
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| U-6: Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers. |
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| Terms | ||||||
| Civilian Labor Force: Those who are working or actively seeking work (in last four weeks) who are not in the military or institutionalized. |
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| Unemployed: Do not have a job, but are actively seeking work (in the last four weeks). |
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| Marginally attached workers: Persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. |
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| Part-Time for Economic Reasons: Those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. |
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| Last updated: 1/26/2024 | ||||||